PM2.5 stands for particulate matter 2.5 microns or smaller. These particles are 30 times thinner than a human hair and come from car exhaust, power plants, wildfires, and burning fuel. They are small enough to bypass your body's natural defenses and enter your bloodstream.

How does air pollution affect the body?

Air pollution affects virtually every organ in the body. PM2.5 particles enter your lungs, pass into your bloodstream, and travel to your heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. This causes chronic inflammation, increasing risks of heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, dementia, and many other conditions.

How many people are affected by air pollution?

99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds WHO safety guidelines. Air pollution kills approximately 8 million people every year—more than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.

Uganda's Mbarara Air Pollution Report

Overview

Air Pollution in Mbarara

Mbarara faces significant air pollution challenges. 100% of districts exceed the WHO guideline for clean air. This is putting 2.1 million across 8 districts at risk.

The average PM2.5 over 2023 was 31.2µg/m³. That's 6.2 times the WHO guideline for clean air of 5µg/m³.

This is equivalent of everybody, including children, smoking about 518 cigarettes in a year.

Trends

Air Quality Trend

Annual PM2.5 levels from 2014 to 2023. The WHO guideline for safe air is 5 µg/m³.

Health Impact

Life Expectancy Impact

If Mbarara met the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³, the average person would live 2.57 years longer.

That's 5.3M years of life stolen from 2.1 million people. Years of watching children grow up. Years of building a career. Years of quiet mornings and celebrations.

Lives cut short. Breathing kills.

Most Polluted

Districts with Highest Pollution

The top 8 most polluted districts in Mbarara. These areas face the greatest health burden from air pollution.

1.Rwampara
2.8 years lost
2.Mbarara
2.7 years lost
3.Ibanda
2.7 years lost
4.Isingiro
2.6 years lost
5.Kashari
2.6 years lost
6.Kazo
2.5 years lost
7.Nyabushozi
2.4 years lost
8.Bukanga
2.3 years lost

Exposure

Population Exposure by Pollution Level

Distribution of population across different PM2.5 pollution levels. The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³—only populations below this threshold are breathing safe air.

< 5 µg/m³

5-10 µg/m³

10-15 µg/m³

15-25 µg/m³

25-35 µg/m³

100%

2.1M

> 35 µg/m³

Districts

All 8 Districts in Mbarara

Complete air quality data for every district in Mbarara, sorted by population.

District	Population	PM2.5 µg/m³	Years Lost
Isingiro	418K	32.0	2.6 years
Ibanda	318K	32.1	2.7 years
Bukanga	279K	28.9	2.3 years
Kashari	271K	31.4	2.6 years
Kazo	246K	30.6	2.5 years
Nyabushozi	217K	29.7	2.4 years
Rwampara	200K	33.1	2.8 years
Mbarara	131K	32.3	2.7 years

Showing 8 districts, sorted by population (largest first). PM2.5 values are for 2023. Years lost calculated against WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³.

Breathing in Mbarara is Injurious to Health.