PM2.5 stands for particulate matter 2.5 microns or smaller. These particles are 30 times thinner than a human hair and come from car exhaust, power plants, wildfires, and burning fuel. They are small enough to bypass your body's natural defenses and enter your bloodstream.

How does air pollution affect the body?

Air pollution affects virtually every organ in the body. PM2.5 particles enter your lungs, pass into your bloodstream, and travel to your heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs. This causes chronic inflammation, increasing risks of heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, dementia, and many other conditions.

How many people are affected by air pollution?

99% of the global population breathes air that exceeds WHO safety guidelines. Air pollution kills approximately 8 million people every year—more than AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.

Bhutan's Gasa Air Pollution Report

Overview

Air Pollution in Gasa

Gasa faces significant air pollution challenges. 100% of districts exceed the WHO guideline for clean air. This is putting 5 thousand across 4 districts at risk.

The average PM2.5 over 2023 was 23.1µg/m³. That's 4.6 times the WHO guideline for clean air of 5µg/m³.

This is equivalent of everybody, including children, smoking about 383 cigarettes in a year.

Trends

Air Quality Trend

Annual PM2.5 levels from 2014 to 2023. The WHO guideline for safe air is 5 µg/m³.

Health Impact

Life Expectancy Impact

If Gasa met the WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³, the average person would live 1.75 years longer.

That's 8K years of life stolen from 5 thousand people. Years of watching children grow up. Years of building a career. Years of quiet mornings and celebrations.

Lives cut short. Breathing kills.

Most Polluted

Districts with Highest Pollution

The top 4 most polluted districts in Gasa. These areas face the greatest health burden from air pollution.

1.Khamaed
2.2 years lost
2.Khatoe
2.1 years lost
3.Laya
1.5 years lost
4.Lunana
0.9 years lost

Exposure

Population Exposure by Pollution Level

Distribution of population across different PM2.5 pollution levels. The WHO guideline is 5 µg/m³—only populations below this threshold are breathing safe air.

< 5 µg/m³

5-10 µg/m³

10-15 µg/m³

17.7%

843

15-25 µg/m³

27.2%

25-35 µg/m³

55.1%

> 35 µg/m³

Districts

All 4 Districts in Gasa

Complete air quality data for every district in Gasa, sorted by population.

District	Population	PM2.5 µg/m³	Years Lost
Khatoe	1K	26.7	2.1 years
Khamaed	1K	27.4	2.2 years
Laya	1K	20.7	1.5 years
Lunana	843	14.5	0.9 years

Showing 4 districts, sorted by population (largest first). PM2.5 values are for 2023. Years lost calculated against WHO guideline of 5 µg/m³.

Breathing in Gasa is Injurious to Health.